2Various researches have shown that Iran's educational system does not pay enough attention to cultural differences and mostly promotes the dominant and official national culture in an engineered way. The focus of these researches has been focused on the inputs of the educational system. The current research, relying on the mixed exploratory method, tried to examine both the inputs and educational processes in order to test the truth of this claim, whether such a claim is consistent with the reality in the educational system. In this way, in the qualitative part, first the teachers' lived experiences of the criteria that were considered for their selection and employment were analyzed (inputs), and then in the quantitative part, the teacher's success in the classroom was analyzed. It was predicted based on the mentioned criteria (processes). The findings of this research showed that scientific identity and IDEOLOGICAL identity are valued in the recruitment of teachers, and because of this, criteria such as personal success, special privileges, and religious and moral foundations are put forward. However, it is only the teacher's personal success that can predict his success in the classroom. This shows that the IDEOLOGICAL identity is only manifested in the inputs and is practically not institutionalized in the classroom and teaching processes. In this way, considering Iran's educational system as IDEOLOGICAL does not match the realities of the educational system.

The phenomenological approach, which is based on the existence of mankind, studies the presence of mankind in the universe (Dasein) and its relationship with the surrounding world. It also investigates the existing BOUNDARIES – as important components of spatial structures– between mankind and the surrounding environment as well as those between different phenomena. By creating enclosure, BOUNDARIES change “ space” into “ place” and they affect the character and landscape of place by developing spatial order. Creation of place and features such as the inside, the outside, boundary, enclosure, realm and path, have led to formation of different structures and subsequently formation of meaningful places. Boundary is a necessary structure and condition for formation of place. This paper will explore the qualities of the relationship between the inside and the outside in general and the notion of boundary in particular. From Heidegger’ s point of view, space turns into place by means of the presence of an “ object” . The existence of a place creates an inside which in turn gains meaning in contrast to the outer environment. Without this presence, space is just a meaningless and a logical spectrum. However, manifestation of a presence or an object immediately turns space into a place. In this sense, a place is part of the expanse of space, which has gained meaning by a specific presence, be it the shade of a tree in a plain or a path which is distinguishable from its surrounding environment due to its different texture. Every person begins to perceive and understand the surrounding environment from their early days of life and gradually develops the manner of this perception and understanding. For humans, the five senses are the means of understanding the surrounding environment and thus the boundary between mankind and the environment, which divides and connects the two at the same time. The phenomenological approach seeks to understand different phenomena and their relationship as well as the relationship between mankind and the world which encompasses these phenomena. It leads humans to revisit their perceptions and feelings in order to gain a qualitative understanding of the world. Conducted with a phenomenological approach and based on first-hand field observations with an existential focus, this research seeks to develop a framework for gaining deep and proper understanding of the spatial nature and qualitative features of place. Therefore, the aim is to investigate the role of BOUNDARIES in different places (natural and built) and the role of people’ s understanding of the structure of these BOUNDARIES in their interventions and efforts for improving the quality of built places. Approaching the subject from the viewpoint of understanding the surrounding world and deriving from phenomenological studies, the author attempts to analyze her place of living as a phenomenon, explain it based on her learnings of this approach and distinguish and identify the existing BOUNDARIES in this place. For this purpose, first, the literature of place phenomenology, place structure and understanding of place will be reviewed; then, the structure of the author’ s habitat (located in Malayer City, Hamadan Province) – a plain that has facilitated formation of vineyards around the city– will be described and explored based on mentioned approach and phenomenological criteria. Then, the relationship between people and natural/built places and the BOUNDARIES in these places will be analyzed. Finally, a possible solution for improving the relationship between the three phenomena of mankind, natural place and built place (in this case dried fruits packaging workshops in the region under study) will be proposed. When environmental interventions are accompanied by proper perception and understanding of the surroundings, place becomes a source of peace and security and it can be much more successful in attracting more individuals. People would feel at home and relaxed and the final outcome would be a place formed from its spatial bedrock that can satisfactorily meet the visual, environmental and psychological needs of its visitors. A person’ s proper understanding of the structure of the surrounding environment and its BOUNDARIES alongside the accurate perception of various sensory elements such as odors, sounds, etc. can help them grasp and recognize the sense of “ being at a place” with clarity. The author’ s phenomenological attempt for better understanding the area of study and the needs of its residents has led to formation of ideas and suggestions which can help improve the condition of raisin processing factories and workshops in the area in a manner that the employees can easily work and enjoy the surrounding natural environment and landscapes. Implementations of these suggestions can undoubtedly improve the condition of the workforce and the procedure of work in these manufacturing units. Not only will they be able to avoid defacing the natural landscape, but also they can help improve the environment by means of carefully planned interventions and proper use of environmental potentials for the betterment of the mutual relationship between mankind and natural/built places.

Terrorism is a violent action with special features; terrorists are different than other criminals too and it is not possible to judge them as crazy criminals or a person with deviant character or someone who is affected by the inappropriate financial circumstances. Terrorists are individuals with planed acts faced to the specific aims which are prompted by the IDEOLOGICAL motives. In this thesis, we are not superseded to detect new reasons in the terrorism or a way to decrease its different causes as an IDEOLOGICAL case, but we want to show how a theoretic structure can help organizing a system of acts and anxieties, and how this system will be useful in fulfilling specific aims. Terrorism is a violent action with special features; terrorists are individuals with planed acts faced to the specific aims which are prompted by the IDEOLOGICAL motives. Terrorists are different than other criminals too and it is not possible to judge them as crazy criminals or a person with deviant character or someone who is affected by the inappropriate financial circumstances. Individuals, following a justified and in harmony with self-condition ideology acceptation, join a group. These gropes give them aims and tools for reaching what they want. These IDEOLOGICAL justified aims and tools simplify doing any unconsumed and violent act for these people.

This investigation examines the representations of Iran and the West in some news headlines concerning the reflection of the Iranian nuclear issue by BBC and CNN within a highly critical period in 2010 and 2011. The significance of this period lies in the fact that it coincides with the heat of nuclear negotiations, further economic sanctions and the inception of fresh economic reforms taking place in Iran. Benefiting from the principles of CDA and SFG together with some insights into the world of the mass media; this study attempts to identify differentiated representations of Iran and the West concerning the Iranian nuclear issue.

Modern or modernist ideologies, based on tbe understanding, which now runs almost as a consensus among the thinkers, replace traditional religions and are considered secular pieties. Nevertheless, compared with other pieties or allegiances, which attempt at replacing them, these secular pieties are faced with problems, inadequacies and difficulties. Most important among these difficulties is the inability of these ideologies to create social movements and to mobilize people politically, that is, to have extensive and sustained influence among them, and to make people willing to sacrifice. There are certain characteristics attributed to nationalistic secular ideologies. It is upon these characteristics that there is a discussion on power of these ideologies in creating social movements, and on potency of their historical influence. This article, through investigating the characteristic of nationalistic ideologies, argues that such a conception of secular ideologies is erroneous, in that instead of reasoning for its weakness.

In this paper, steady incompressible flow patterns inside two-dimensional triangle, trapezoidal, semicircular and arc-square cavities with moving BOUNDARIES are studied via lattice Boltzmann method. The effects of geometry of the cavities on flow pattern are also discussed. The effects of Reynolds number on the flow patterns in triangular, semi-circular and arc-square cavities are studied. Also, for arc-square cavity, it can be observed that by changing the size of top and bottom walls which means a change in the size of cut arcs from the circular, different flow patterns are formed. The influences of the side angles at constant Reynolds number on the flow patterns in the trapezoidal cavities are investigated. It is found out that the vortex near the bottom wall of trapezoidal cavity breaks up into two smaller vortices as side angles increase. The obtained results of the lattice Boltzmann method and the presented boundary condition are compared with those presented in the literature. It can be seen that the lattice Boltzmann method is a suitable method for flow simulation in the mentioned cavities.

Despite rapid urbanization in Iran, in the past five decades, Urban Growth BOUNDARIES [UGB] have been applied to cities without fundamental change. Although, planners have referred to evidence indicating the inefficiency of these BOUNDARIES, they are still widely applied as the sole urban growth management instrument. This paper attempts to review the effectiveness of UGBs in Iranian cities. To this end, the theoretical and legal basis of UGBs is first reviewed. Then, a sample of 11 cities is selected in which each city represents a typological category in terms of scale, climate, and the relation of the city to its suburbs. The effectiveness of UGBs in these cities is assessed based on two criteria: (i) the validity of UGB indicating the area of the city neglected by UGB; and (ii) the ineffectiveness of UGB indicating the areas of urban sprawl outside the defined UGB. The results show that in all city types there is a degree of ineffectiveness, as well as lack of validity for adopted UGBs.